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第二节 冠 词(1-4~2-2)
冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不冠词(a或an)两类，定冠词表示特指，不定冠词表示泛指。
a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。
如：a university， a useful book， an umbrella， a horse， an honest man.
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1.表示“一”的含义。
Give me a pen please.
We go shopping twice a week.
2.泛指某个人或东西。
Yesterday we visited an English secondary school.
She picked up a magazine and began to read.
3.表示一类人或东西。
He works as a language teacher in that university.
As a writer， he is successful.
Even a child can answer this question.
可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。
二、定冠词的基本用法
1.表示特定的人或东西。
Give me the magazine.
Have you decided on the prices yet?
The book on the table is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
2.复述前文提到的人或东西。
Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people.
The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing.
3.用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。
the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤的人
the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old 老年人
the young 年青人
4.用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。
the moon， the sun， the earth
The moon moves aroud the earth.
We have friends all over the world.
Dont build castles in the air.
5.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。
January is the first month of the year.
The sun rises in the east.
Japan lies to the east of China.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
Ireland lies on the Great Britain.
At the Childrens Palace， some children learn to play the piano， others learn to play the violin.
Last week we went to the theatre.
Among the three girls she speaks English the best.
“东、南、西、北”作副词时，前面不加冠词。
We are walking south.
形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。
Monday is my busiest day.
6.用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。
The Lius have moved to Guangzhou.
The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.
7.不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示特定部分、特定内容时，前面需加定冠词。
Drink some water.
Is the water in the well fit for drink?
What do you think of the music?
He cant take the advice his mother gives him.
三、不加冠词的基本规则
1.季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。
If winter comes can spring be far behind?
We have few classes on Sunday.
10.1 is National Day.
2.表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词，但乐器前需加定冠词。
What did you have for lunch?
Dinner is ready.
Lets go and watch them play chess.
My elder brother likes to play football.
The boys are learnig to play the guitar.
play the piano
play the violin
3.有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。
at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning
in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town
in front of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance)
as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold
冠词考试重点
冠词所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。
1、什么时候加定冠词。
2、可数名词单数出现，必须用a或an或定冠词修饰，不能单独出现。
3、什么情况下，不用加冠词。
冠词易考：
1、冠词修饰名词。
Please go _____ upstairs after you have finished the lunch.
upstairs是副词，前面不需要加冠词。
2、可数名词单数泛指，前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。
Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English.
I have been waiting for him for half an hour.
3、名词特指时，前面加定冠词。
He is enjoying his stay in Denmark， but has some difficulty with the language.
Is the water from the tap fit for drink?
4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指，前面不加冠词;大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。
As we know， the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends.
They left for work after supper.
The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II .(the Sencond World War)
5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。
Without any news from Tom for a long time， his father left for Shanghai to see him.
They will travel by air.
I will help you for the sake of your sister.(for the sake of 因为)
I will go to school on foot.
My mother is in hospital.
He has been in prison for two years.
典型例题
1. ______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II.
A. The; the B. A; the C. The; / D. A; /
World War II是专有名词
答案：C
2. Can you play _____?
A. piano B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano
答案：D
3. “Youve been very busy lately.”
“So busy I havent had time to clean my house. There is _____ wherever you look.”
A. dust B. a dust C. the dust D. dusts
dust 是不可数名词
答案：A
4. The station? Take the second turning _______.
A. to left then go straight on B. on the left， then go straight on
C. to left， then go right forward D. to the left， then go right forward
on the left 在左边
答案：B
5. My mother usually has _____ bed.
A. the breakfast B. breakfast in
C. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in the
in bed 躺在床上
答案：B
in the bed 在床里面
6. He stole the money and they put him _________.
A. at prison B. at the prison C. in prison D. in the prison
in prison 进监狱
答案：C
7. Even on Sundays， fewer people go to ______ church than before.
A. the B. a C. / D. that
go to church 去教堂 go to school 去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to college 去大学
答案：C
8. _________ look much alike.
A. Smiths sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two Smith sisters D. The Smith sisters
表示一家人，前面加 the
答案 D
